The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes descriptions of racially offensive language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in rugby union brought his professional journey to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I hoped to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just accept the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has given considerable focus on diversity and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a environment of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with young people in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the horns and continue bearing this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022